Εμφάνιση αναρτήσεων με ετικέτα Moran Neil. Εμφάνιση όλων των αναρτήσεων
Εμφάνιση αναρτήσεων με ετικέτα Moran Neil. Εμφάνιση όλων των αναρτήσεων

Κυριακή 10 Νοεμβρίου 2024

Moran Neil, Byzantine castrati












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Περίληψη / Summary
Η απασχόληση των καστράτι στη Βυζαντινή Εκκλησία μπορεί να αναχθεί στον διευθυντή του χορού, Βρίσωνα, τον 4ο αιώνα. Ο Βρίσων κλήθηκε από τον Ιωάννη τον Χρυσόστομο να οργανώσει την αντιφωνική ψαλμωδία στην πατριαρχική εκκλησία. Δεδομένου ότι οι ευνούχοι θεωρούνταν γενικά απομεινάρια ενός ειδωλολατρικού παρελθόντος, οι καστράτι αναφέρονται σπάνια στις πρώιμες βυζαντινές πηγές, αλλά από τον 10ο αιώνα οι αναφορές σε ευνούχους ή καστράτι έγιναν όλο και πιο συχνές. Μέχρι τον 12ο αιώνα, όλοι οι επαγγελματίες ψάλτες στην Αγία Σοφία ήταν καστράτι. Αναλύεται το ρεπερτόριο των καστράτι και τίθεται το ερώτημα αν η εισαγωγή των καστράτι στην Καπέλα Σιξτίνα επηρεάστηκε από τη χρήση καστράτι στα ιταλο-ελληνικά μοναστήρια.

The employment of castrati in the Byzantine Church can be traced back to the choirmaster Brison in the fourth century. Brison was called upon by John Chrysostom to organize the antiphonal hymn-singing in the patriarchal church. Since eunuchs were generally considered to be remnants of a pagan past, castrati are seldom mentioned in early Byzantine sources, but beginning in the tenth century references to eunuchs or castrati became more and more frequent. By the twelfth century all the professional singers in the Hagia Sophia were castrati. The repertory of the castrati is discussed and the question is raised whether the introduction of castrati to the Sistine Chapel was influenced by the employment of castrati in Italo-Greek cloisters.

Moran Neil, Ceiling Rings in the Aisles of the Hagia Sophia










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An investigation of the placement of the ceiling rings and furnishings in the aisles of the Hagia Sophia reveals significant information about the construction of Justinian’s church. Over 300 rings were identified in the four corners of the churlch

Moran Neil, Music and Liturgy in the Hagia Sophia, Constantinople











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The architectural shell of the Church of Holy Wisdom surrounds a supernatural space preserving through the centuries the most exquisite acoustical and optical tensions imaginable. John Chrysostom called upon the services of Brison, a eunuch in the service of the empress Eudoxia, to establish the two foundation stones which were to influence the development of musical culture until the 13th century; namely antiphony between two choirs of singers and the use of castrati. Both castrati and regular male singers figured in the choirs of the Hagia Sophia until the 9th century. At the Christmas service in St. Stephen’s chapel in 820, however, the emperor Leo V was murdered by assassins who had assumed the costumes of singers and sneaked into the palace precincts. After this incident singers were required to live in quarters within the imperial palace, a regulation which put ‘bearded’ singers with families at a disadvantage. Theodoros Balsamon states that by the 12th century the ordo cantorum consisted entirely of eunuchs.